![]() Prime number: A positive integer with exactly two positive divisors: itself and 1.Even and odd numbers: An integer is even if it is a multiple of 2, and is odd otherwise.Thus a non-positive number is either zero or negative. ![]() Non-positive numbers: Real numbers that are less than or equal to zero.Thus a non-negative number is either zero or positive. Non-negative numbers: Real numbers that are greater than or equal to zero.When zero is a possibility, the following terms are often used: Because zero itself has no sign, neither the positive numbers nor the negative numbers include zero. Negative numbers: Real numbers that are less than zero. ![]() Positive numbers: Real numbers that are greater than zero.Knuth's up-arrow notation and Conway chained arrow notation: Notations that allow the concise representation of some extremely large integers such as Graham's number.When used in science, such a number also conveys the precision of measurement using significant figures. Scientific notation: A method for writing very small and very large numbers using powers of 10.Continued fraction: An expression obtained through an iterative process of representing a number as the sum of its integer part and the reciprocal of another number, then writing this other number as the sum of its integer part and another reciprocal, and so on.These include improper fractions as well as mixed numbers. Fractions: A representation of a non-integer as a ratio of two integers.Tally marks: Usually used for counting things that increase by small amounts and do not change very quickly.Roman numerals: The numeral system of ancient Rome, still occasionally used today, mostly in situations that do not require arithmetic operations.See positional notation for information on other bases.Sexagesimal: Base 60, first used by the ancient Sumerians in the 3rd millennium BC, was passed down to the ancient Babylonians.Duodecimal: Base 12, a numeral system that is convenient because of the many factors of 12.Octal: Base 8, occasionally used by computer system designers and programmers.Hexadecimal: Base 16, widely used by computer system designers and programmers, as it provides a more human-friendly representation of binary-coded values.Quaternary: The base-four numeral system with 0, 1, 2, and 3 as digits.Ternary: The base-three numeral system with 0, 1, and 2 as digits. ![]()
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